Ivermectin was the first commercially available macrolide anthelmintic. It is a semi-synthetic agent derived from the natural avermectins. It occurs as on off-white to yellowish powder and is highly lipophilic. It is very poorly soluble in water, but is soluble in propylene glycol,...

 Cefpodoxime  is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is marketed as the pro-drug cefpodoxime proxetil to improve oral absorption. The oral absorption of cefpodoxime proxetil in dogs is about 60%, and half life in dogs is about 6 hours and in horses...

Enrofloxacin is a prototypical veterinary fluorinated quinolone developed exclusively for use in animals. It occurs as a pale yellow, crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water. Enrofloxacin is related structurally to the human-approved drug ciprofloxacin, having an additional ethyl group on the...

 Chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) maleate is an alkylamine H1 receptor antagonist. Chlorpheniramine is among the most potent and most selective H1 antagonist (relative selectivity for H1:H2 receptors is 15000:1). In addition to being histamine H1 receptor antagonist, chlorphenamine has been shown to work as a...

Mechanism of Acion The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs act primarily by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, the mediators involved in nociception and pathogenesis of inflammation and fever.  These drugs block the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme either reversibly (e.g. most NSAIDs) or irreversibly (e.g. aspirin) causing inhibition...

 Meloxicam is a recently developed congener of piroxicam that exhibits anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities. Meloxicam has greater in vivo inhibitory action against the inducible COX-2, which is implicated in the inflammatory response than COX-1. In animal studies, a COX-2:COX-1 selectively of 11-14...

 Cefotaxime is a semi-synthetic antibiotic that is considered as the prototype of the third-generation cephalosporins. It has relatively wide spectrum of activity. It generally has good coverage against most Gram-negative bacteria. It is also effective against most Gram-positive cocci except for Entercoccus. It...

 Affected animal - Female goatHistory - The goat had this symptoms, after parturition.SYMPTOMS    1.The muscles are contracted.    2.The third eyelid droops.    3.Lock jaw, saliva drools.    4.The animal falls and it cannot rise again.    5.Neck show opisthotonous or orthotonus.    6.The fore legs are extended...

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